Faranak Nekoogar

The recent rapid growth in technology and the successful commercial deployment of wireless communications are significantly affecting our daily lives. The transition from analog to digital cellular communications, the rise of third- and fourth-generation radio systems, and the replacement of wired connections with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are enabling consumers to access a wide range of information from anywhere and at any time. As the consumer demand for higher capacity, faster service, and more secure wireless connections increases, new enhanced technologies have to find their place in the overcrowded and scarce radio frequency (RF) spectrum. This is because every radio technology allocates a specific part of the spectrum; for example, the signals for TVs, radios, cell phones, and so on are sent on different frequencies to avoid interference to each other. As a result, the constraints on the availability of the RF spectrum become more and more strict with the introduction of new radio services.